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Estudios saharianos: A Classic Work on the Western Sahara by Julio Caro Baroja
Estudios saharianos is a book written by the Spanish anthropologist Julio Caro Baroja and published in 1955 by the Instituto de Estudios Africanos. It is considered one of the most comprehensive and classic works on the Western Sahara, a disputed territory in North Africa.
The book is based on Caro Baroja's fieldwork and research in the region between 1949 and 1952, when he was commissioned by the Spanish government to study the social and cultural aspects of the Saharan population. The book covers topics such as history, geography, ethnography, linguistics, religion, art, folklore, and customs of the various groups living in the Sahara, such as the Berbers, Arabs, Moors, Jews, and black Africans.
Estudios saharianos is a valuable source of information and insight into the diversity and complexity of the Saharan society and culture, as well as the historical and political context of the colonial era. The book also reflects Caro Baroja's personal views and experiences as an outsider and an observer in a remote and unfamiliar environment.
The book is available in Spanish and can be downloaded as a PDF file from various online sources[^1^] [^2^] [^3^]. It is also available in print from some libraries and bookstores.
One of the main contributions of Estudios saharianos is the analysis and classification of the different ethnic and tribal groups that inhabit the Western Sahara, as well as their historical and genealogical origins. Caro Baroja distinguishes between three main groups: the Berbers, who are the indigenous and oldest inhabitants of the region; the Arabs, who arrived later and mixed with the Berbers; and the Moors, who are the result of the Arabization and Islamization of the Berbers and other groups.
Caro Baroja also describes the social organization and structure of these groups, which are based on kinship, clan, tribe, and caste. He explains the role and function of each group in the Saharan society, as well as their relations and conflicts with each other. He also explores the cultural aspects of these groups, such as their languages, religions, beliefs, rituals, arts, crafts, music, poetry, and oral traditions.
Another important aspect of Estudios saharianos is the description and documentation of the material and environmental conditions of the Western Sahara, which are characterized by harshness, scarcity, and diversity. Caro Baroja provides detailed information on the geography, climate, flora, fauna, natural resources, and economic activities of the region. He also examines the impact of these factors on the life and culture of the Saharan people, as well as their adaptation and resilience strategies.
Estudios saharianos is not only a scientific and academic work, but also a literary and artistic one. Caro Baroja uses a clear and elegant style, enriched by anecdotes, quotations, metaphors, and comparisons. He also incorporates his own impressions, feelings, opinions, and criticisms, which give the book a personal and human touch. He also shows respect and admiration for the Saharan people, their culture, and their history, as well as sympathy and solidarity for their struggles and aspirations.
In conclusion, Estudios saharianos is a masterpiece of anthropology and a reference for the study of the Western Sahara. It is also a testimony of Caro Baroja's intellectual curiosity and adventurous spirit, as well as his contribution to the knowledge and appreciation of the Saharan world. The book is still relevant and useful today, as it provides a historical and cultural background for understanding the current situation and challenges of the Western Sahara and its people. ec8f644aee